Indus waters treaty united nations treaty collection. The indus waters treaty was signed in 1960 after nine years of negotiations between india and pakistan with the help of the world bank, which is also a signatory. Pages in category water treaties the following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. Indus waters treaty simple english wikipedia, the free. Signed in 1960 by indian prime minister jawaharlal nehru and pakistans president at the time ayub khan, the indus water treaty was brokered by the world bank. In spite of its positional advantage, india has in the past discounted water as a military tool, even in times of war.
Pak approaches international court of justice over indus. The treaty aims at recognizing the enormous contribution of farmers to the diversity of crops that feed the world. Therefore there lies a need to understand the pakistans sensibilities on the issue and find means and mechanisms to address the same for a safe. Mervyn piesse research manager global food and water crisis research programme. What was the indus water treaty between india and pakistan. Revisiting the 1960 indus waters treaty article pdf available in water international 382. Broadly, according to this treaty, waters of the three western rivers the jhelum, the chenab, and the indus itself were allocated to pakistan, and those of the three eastern rivers the ravi, the beas. According to the agreement, the waters of eastern rivers ravi, beas and sutlej were given to india and the control over waters flowing in the western rivers indus, chenab and jhelum were given to pakistan. The indus waters treaty iwt was signed in karachi on 19 september 1960 by jawaharlal nehru and then ayub khan. Unfortunately, water resources are depleting1 very fast world over, while. It was brokered by the world bank international bank for reconstruction and development.
The treaty changed the international boundary commission established in 1889 o the international boundary and water commission ibwc, which was given full responsibility for carrying out the. For over thirty years 196090, the indus water treaty has proved to. Introduction water is the resource that cannot be generated. This paper takes a fresh look at the 1960 indus waters treaty iwt.
With lahore screaming for water, pakistan signed the may 1948 delhi agreement, which restored the water supply but at a cost. The indus water treaty iwt is a waterdistribution treaty between india and pakistan signed on september 19, 1960. Water governance means who gets what water, when and how much. Treaty between the united states of america and mexico relating to the waters of the colorado and tijuana rivers, and of the rio grande rio bravo from fort quitman, texas, to the gulf of mexico. This is an important treaty and one of the most successful watersharing agreements till date. The indus waters treaty iwt was signed in karachi on 19 september 1960 by jawaharlal nehru and then ayub khan the treaty gives control over the waters of the three eastern rivers the beas, ravi and sutlej with a mean. India, pakistan, indus waters treaty, world bank, water wars, water rationality, cooperation. A pakistani perspective on indus water treaty history essay.
The treaty was signed by the then prime minister jawaharlal nehru and pakistans president ayub khan. India could use indus river water treaty to pressure. Iwra 76 woodstock close oxford ox2 8dd united kingdom abstract for many arid and semiarid countries, international water bodies are the only new additional sources of water that could be economically developed to meet their ever increasing water requirements. This research is thus structured around two main aims. Water treaties international agreements on international. One example of such international cooperation over shared water is the indus waters treaty, signed in 1960 by india and pakistan.
The water resources development of the indus system of rivers is governed by the indus waters treaty 1960 referred to hereafter as the treaty signed by the government of india and the government of pakistan. The indus waters treaty is a waterdistribution treaty between india and pakistan, brokered by. The 1960 world bankmediated indus waters treaty between india and pakistan is considered one of the great success stories of water diplomacy, especially as it has survived the indiapakistan wars. The indus waters treaty is a waterdistribution treaty between india and pakistan, brokered by the world bank, to use the water available in the indus system of rivers. The treaty is more than 40 years old and to unilaterally abrogate it is to bring about the uncertainty that followed the partition of india.
To investigate the intensity of conflicts through the hydrohegemony framework, between the two nuclear powers. Indus waters treaty rides out latest crisis pakistan. The indus water treaty was created to lessen and manage any tensions that might arise from the use of the indus river and its tributaries. And the decision to sign the treaty seemed rational to both countries as pakistan felt threatened by indias upstream developments on river sutlej and india sought to. The treaty allows india to use 20 percent of the total water carried by pakistans section of the indus river for irrigation, transport and power generation there is also a permanent indus. Water rationality is a states decision to secure its water supply for the long run in terms of quantity and quality. Transboundary water treaties a transboundary waterway is defined as all territory which contributes to a stream, at least one of the tributaries of which crosses a boundary.
Indus water treaty it defines the watersharing arrangement for six rivers of indus basin that flow through both india and pakistan. Water treaties carries the full text of treaties and agreements, bilateral and multilateral, concluded by sovereign countries in regard to the development and management of rivers and lakes, andor of groundwater resources, which form an international boundary line. Over the past week, indus water treaty has been in news. Almost half the earths land surface, excluding antarctica, and 60 percent of the worlds fresh water, falls within these basins. All you need to know about india, pakistan water dispute internationally, the indus water treaty is seen as one of the most successful cases of conflict resolution especially considering the fact that it has stayed in place despite the. The treaty was signed in karachi on september 19, 1960 by the then indian prime minister jawaharlal nehru and the then president of pakistan field marshal mohammad ayub khan. India uses nearly 9394 per cent of its share under the indus waters treaty. Storage projects undertaken due to the treaty ensure water availability during winters and enhanced canal diversions. By dr adam nayyar india has indicated that one of the sanctions it is considering against pakistan is the abrogation of the indus waters treaty. The indus waters treaty is a waterdistribution treaty between india and pakistan, brokered by the world bank, then the international bank for reconstruction and development. There were numerous inundation canals in the indus valley, which diverted supplies directly from the rivers during the high flow. It is an extraordinarily generous watersharing treaty, and is the only pact in the world that compels the upper riparian state to defer to the interests of the downstream state. Indus water treaty, brokered by world bank, was signed on sept. The analysis will also focus on how discourses on both sides of the border highlight the issue.
The indus waters treaty is a watersharing treaty between the republic of india and islamic republic of pakistan. The indus waters treaty is a watersharing agreement between india and pakistan signed in 1960. This treaty was signed by india under duress but india still. Transboundary water treaties dam, river, freshwater. Cassell slat indic 00 marc free ebook download as pdf file. It deals with sharing of water of indus water system having six rivers beas, ravi, sutlej, indus, chenab and jhelum between the two countries. The signing of the treaty was brokered by the world bank. The treatys that do exist cover a range of issues including flood control, hydroelectricity, industrial uses, navigation, pollution and fishing, only 37% are estimated. The indus water treaty has withstood periods of tension and conflict between india and pakistan and has provided a pathway for the two neighbours to amicably resolve issues relating to transboundary water supply. The indus waters treaty was signed on september 19, 1960 by the then prime minister jawaharlal nehru and pakistans president ayub khan. Southasiaextresources2235461171996340255bagliharsummary. Of the total 168 million acrefeet, indias share of water from the three allotted rivers is 33 million acrefeet, which constitutes nearly 20 per cent. Indus waters treaty iwt iwt is waterdistribution treaty between india and pakistan which was brokered by world bank then the international bank for reconstruction and development.
After prolonged talks between the governments of india and pakistan, the iwt was signed in september 1960 with world bank standing guarantee for any dispute resolution. The baglihar hydropower plant, a runofriver plant with a capacity of 450 mw in its first. According to the agreement, control over the 3 eastern. No warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, are made to you as to the text or any medium it may be on, including but not limited to warranties of merchantablity or. It is an important topic for the upsc exam as it features in the news whenever indopak relations are discussed. This led to a series of watersharing negotiations that ultimately culminated in the indus water treaty iwt brokered by the world bank. Water, energy and food nexus of indus water treaty iwt is presented in the light of water governance. Treaty signed on sept 191960 by india prime minister jawahar lal nehru and president of pakistan ayub khan. The indus water treaty 1960 brought to an end, the 12 year old canal water dispute and became the basis of resolving any water disputes which appeared after. Indus waters treaty and resolution of water conflicts. The induswater treaty was signed between india and pakistan in 1960. It is an international water treaty signed by two enemies, and that has lasted through two indopakistani wars to the nuclear era, in 1998, in the indian subcontinent.
Indus water treaty it is the eastern distribution treaty between india and pakistan, brokered by the world bank then the international bank for reconstruction and development. A basic guide to the indus water treaty pakistan josh. The iwt is, to a large extent, still relevant but must incorporate contemporary environmental standards and social realities that are impacting waters resources. Using the indus basin experience, the underlying logic of the water wars rationale is questioned, in particular, the use of public statements by key decisionmakers as evidence of future water wars and is shown to be wanting. The indus waters treaty is a waterdistribution treaty between india and pakistan, brokered by the world bank then the international bank for. Full text of indus water treaty with annexures, world bank pdf. Water, energy and food nexus of indus water treaty. Josh and mak international is a uk and pakistanbased law firm with a clear vision based on a zeal for legal excellence. The world bank is a signatory as a third party provisions. The rest of the water remains unutilised and goes to pakistan. The negotiations were the initiative of former world bank president eugene black. An appraisal voices on indus water treaty at different points in time no armies with bombs and shellfire could devastate a land so thoroughly as pakistan could be devastated by simple expedient of indias permanently shutting off the source of water that keeps the fields and people of. As, one of the top law firms in pakistan, listed in the legal500, we provide not just the best legal services in islamabad, but work closely with our private and corporate clients to ensure delivery of the highest level of legal representation.
The indus waters treaty, 1960 was negotiated by india and pakistan under the auspices of the world bank, and gives india complete rights to usage of waters of. As renowned water expert peter gleick points out, the majority of such treaties are bilateral, thus many affected states may not be a party to specific treaty agreements. Exchange of data 1 the following data with respect to the flow in, and utilisation of the waters of, the rivers shall be exchanged. The water governance doctrine refers to social, economic, administrative and political systems influencing the transboundary water use and management. Indus water treaty without adequate safeguards and subjective terminology provides leverage in the hands of india and is a potential powder keg for future conflict between two nuclear capable states. Firstly, pakistan was to pay for the transport of water through india. Verghese, water issues in south asia, orf discourse. Water treaties a question of rights china water risk. Why abrogation of the indus water treaty is not in indias.